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Do you face questions like: “Why is this characteristic non-conforming to the specification and the part still mounts and functions well in the product?” or “Why is the part within the specification, but doesn’t mount or work properly with the customer?” Concerning GD&T, several such “paradox” cases exist within the industry.
Resources
The ISO system of Geometrical Product Specification & Verification (ISO – GPS), along with the ASME system of Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (ASME – GD&T), have been developed over the last years, and are still evolving today.
Regarding the ISO-GPS system, the most relevant standards are the following:
- ISO 1101:2017 – Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out
- ISO 1660:2017 – Profile tolerancing
- ISO 5458:2018 – Pattern and combined geometrical specification
- ISO/FDIS 2692:2021 – Maximum material requirement (MMR), least material requirement (LMR) and reciprocity requirement (RPR)
- ISO 5459:2018 / 202X – Datums and datum systems
- ISO 10579:2010 / 202X – Non-rigid parts
- 14405-1:2016 – Linear sizes
- 14405-2:2018 – Dimensions other than linear or angular sizes
- ISO 22081:2021 – General geometrical specifications and general size specifications
The main standards in context of the ASME-GD&T system are:
- ASME Y14.5: 2018 – Dimensioning and Tolerancing
- ASME Y14.5.1: 2019 – Mathematical Definition of Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles
- ASME Y14.41: 2019 – Digital Product Definition Data Practices
- ASME Y14.43: 2011(R2020) – Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles for Gages and Fixtures
- ASME Y14.8: 2009(R2014) – Casting, Forgings, and Molded Parts
- ASME Y14.45: 2021 – Measurement Data Reporting
- ASME Y14.24: 2020 – Types and Applications of Engineering Drawings
- ASME Y14.18M: 1986(R1998) – Optical Parts (ISO 10110 series)
- ASME Y14.100: 2017 – Engineering Drawing Practices